Wednesday, March 11, 2015

Why Do People Believe In Ghosts?-The Returned / Ghost Project, Ghost Beliefs




NEW YORK TIMES,  Monday, March 9, 2015, THE ARTS section, Front Page, Page C1, Television Review

and then please scroll down to

Philadelphia Inquirer, Tuesday, March 10, 2015, Page A3, STAFF REPORTS / PARANORMAL



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The Returned India Ennenga stars in this drama series, which makes its debut on Monday on A&E. CreditJoseph Lederer/A&E
Be careful what you wish for. That’s the message of “The Returned,” a spooky series that debuts on Monday on A&E about dead people who suddenly come back to life for no apparent reason and with no memory of having been absent.
The first episode introduces Camille (India Ennenga), a teenager who died in a school bus accident. Four years later, Camille saunters back into her house, opens the fridge, and makes herself a sandwich. Her mother (Tandi Wright), who had been lighting candles in Camille’s room only moments before, discovers her dead daughter alive in the kitchen, sulky as ever and evidently quite hungry.
This is a ghost story for grown-ups, focused less on the dead than the people who are suddenly confronted with lost loved ones years and even decades after they have died. When the impossible happens, parents, lovers and siblings experience rolling waves of shock, euphoria, suspicion and dread.
The A&E version is an American adaptation of a French series, “Les Revenants,” and it is in itself a creepy apparition: It’s almost identical to the original.
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Mat Vairo as Simon and Sophie Lowe as Lena in “The Returned,” adapted from the French series “Les Revenants.” CreditJoseph Lederer/A&E
And while neither series is at all funny, the A&E one will be inadvertently amusing to anyone who has seen the original, which is available with subtitles on Netflix.
That was set in a small, isolated town in the French mountains. This one is a similarly woody mountain area in Washington State. Many of the actors resemble their French counterparts or at least share with them a certain continental je ne sais quoi. (Almost everyone is thin in Caldwell, Wash., and men and women dress with casual flair.)
The creators seem so scared of not living up to the French version that they have replicated “Les Revenants,” almost word for word and scene for scene, with the same characters, conversations and crises. Both shows are chillingly enigmatic, but the American one is more timid about it — afraid, perhaps, of the French one’s s shadow.
And one mark of originality on television these days is, oddly enough, unfaithful imitation. So many American shows are copies of foreign ones. The best adaptations riff a little, reimagining not just the setting but also the show’s sensibility.
“Homeland,” on Showtime, was adapted from the Israeli show, “Prisoners of War,” and refigured the American version around a new character, a bipolar C.I.A. analyst played by Claire Danes. “The Slap,” is an NBC version of an Australian series by the same name, but it surrounds the central conflict with typically American class rifts and tribal loyalties.
There are small differences in the first episode of “The Returned” and “Les Revenants,” but they are minor and seem to have more to do with expedience than creativity.
The French series was moody and almost maddeningly elliptical — things were not explained immediately, and plenty of things were never explained. “The Returned” gives viewers a few shortcuts.
In one scene, a young man who returns from the dead finds his former fiancée looking at herself in the mirror. In “Les Revenants,” the beautiful, dark-haired woman wore a cream-colored lace dress; viewers discovered only later that it was her wedding dress, the one she was about to wear to marry another man. In “The Returned,” the beautiful, dark-haired woman (Mary Elizabeth Winstead) is in a black dress and she is placing a frilly white wisp of netting on the top of her head — there is no mistaking it for anything other than a bridal veil.
Some of the changes merely reflect cultural differences. In the French version, a doctor makes house calls and takes a public bus to get to her patient’s house, two things that are almost unheard-of in the United States. In the American version, the doctor drives to work and sees patients in a clinic.
But despite those accommodations to the American way of life, the creators seem intent on recreating as much of the original’s atmosphere and style. In the French version, Simon is a sensitive, pale young man with dark curls who dresses in a black suit and a white shirt like a 19th-century Romantic poet — or the writer Bernard-Henri Lévy. The American Simon (Mat Vairo) looks exactly like him.
Possibly because it works so hard to mimic the original’s gloomy restraint, “The Returned” feels strained. It’s not at all like “Resurrection,” an ABC series that also presented dead people who return to their old lives, only to turn those of their relatives and friends upside down. (The ABC show was based on a novel, “The Returned,” that was not the source for “Les Revenants” or its American adaptation.) That show has so far lasted two seasons and was as brash, colorful and loud as any network drama, a nighttime soap with lots of dramatic music and end-of-episode twists that nevertheless lost traction.
“The Returned” is much more cool, cerebral and unsettling, but it is at best a ghostly reflection of “Les Revenants.”
Looking at why people believe in ghosts
Members of Penn group are researching cultural aspects. But don’t ask them: Who ya gonna call?
By Susan Snyder INQUIRER STAFF WRITER
   The ghost hunters and the Ivy League professors were 40 minutes into their investigation at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology when Projit B. Mukharji felt something.
   The rest of the group had fanned out across the darkened Harrison Auditorium, a spacious art deco room with a coffered dome. The paranormal sleuths were training their temperature guns and “electromagnetic frequency meters” — tools that, in theory, register changes should a spirit be present.
   Mukharji, 37, was sitting alone in the front row.
   “I suddenly started sweating a lot,” he said. “And I thought I got a very strong smell of perfume.”
   A major score for a ghost hunter. But for a spirit-agnostic professor?
   Mukharji, who teaches the history of science and medicine, isn’t sure what he experienced on that visit last August to the Penn Museum. But he experienced something.
   “You could either call it a panic attack,” the professor said, “or you could call it a ghost attack.”
   He’s part of a group of Penn professors who are delving into the impact of ghost beliefs across cultures and disciplines.
   Just don’t call them ghost busters.
   They’re not trying to prove or disprove ghosts.
   “We want to understand it as a sociological reality and a cultural reality,” said Justin McDaniel, a professor and chair of the religious studies department at Penn. “It should be given a forum where people can talk about it.”
   McDaniel’s group calls itself “the Penn Ghost Project” and later this semester, students will begin recording ghost stories on campus. The goal: to create an 
online ghost story archive for the ages.
   “We want to kind of map out the ghosts at Penn, where are people saying they are,” said McDaniel, 42, a former Buddhist monk who isn’t sure whether he believes in ghosts. “If it goes well, we’ll start mapping the ghost history of Philadelphia, which is extensive, probably more extensive than any city in the country, just because it’s big and it’s old.”
   McDaniel and five colleagues formed the group more than a year ago after discovering their mutual interest in the incorporeal.
   “This is a unique opportunity for us to find a connection between our research interests and everyday life interest in the supernatural,” said another member, Ilya Vinitsky, who chairs the department of Slavic languages and literatures.
   David Barnes is considered the group’s biggest skeptic. The historian of medicine and public health became interested in the subject while writing abook about the former Lazaretto quarantine station and hospital on the Delaware River outside Philadelphia. Many people died there, making it a favorite haunt of ghost hunters.
   “I don’t feel it,” Barnes said of paranormal activity. “I don’t have any room in my belief system for it, but I’m really interested in the fact that [they] do.”
   The group has received $10,000 in university funding to bring in speakers, pay student assistants, and set up a website. They’ve taken trips with ghost hunters to learn how they work and they held their first symposium in October 2013.
   It was packed, McDaniel said.
   The professors also gave a presentation last fall at homecoming, which prompted alumni to share their own ghost experiences.
   Professors have disappointed some inquirers, who had hoped Penn would investigate their haunted house.
   “That’s not our thing,” McDaniel said.
   At one time, however, it was Penn’s thing.
   In 1883, with a bequest from a 
benefactor, Henry Seybert, Penn formed the “Seybert Commission,” a group of scholars headed by the provost who investigated “modern spiritualism,” including attending séances and looking for evidence of spirits.
   It found none.
   But that hasn’t quelled the stories. The Penn museum has attracted a number of ghost stories over the years, said Alex Pezzati, senior archivist.
   Someone spotted a ghost in the archival room in the mid-1990s, he said.
   “He walked from behind that shelf just over there,” Pezzati said, pointing a short distance. “He had some old-style clothing, frilly shirt and top hat.”
   Then, poof. Gone.
   Pezzati has spent decades in the museum, including some late nights, but hasn’t experienced anything ghostly himself: “That would be kind of cool. But sorry, no.”
   Frank Cassidy, founder of the Delaware County-based Free Spirit Paranormal Investigators, who led the investigation that night, said the group found “no hard evidence” of ghosts.
   “It was just senses that we all got while we were there,” he said. “I got the smell of chicken soup. We thought we felt the
presence of a person there, an angry, elderly gentleman.”
   The students who will assist the professors in ghost-mapping Penn are split on whether they believe in ghosts. But all want people to feel comfortable sharing stories.
   “You don’t have to be crazy to have this experience,” said Beatrice Field, 19, a sophomore from West Palm Beach, Fla.
   Field, who is originally from Honduras, said her family once lived in a house possessed by a spirit. It got so bad that the family shared a bedroom and set up barriers so the ghost wouldn’t enter, she said.
   Elizabeth Gonzalez, 19, a sophomore from Miami, doesn’t believe in ghosts, but wants to hear the experiences of others.
   “My main point of studying it is to understand how it affects the medical realm,” said the aspiring geneticist.
   Her research adviser warned her not to put the project on her resume. Science isn’t ready.
   “Once I explained what we were doing,” she added, “he was a little more OK.” ssnyder@phillynews.com 
   215-854-4693 @ssnyderinq www.inquirer.com/campusinq 
Justin McDaniel, department chair of religious studies, is part of the “Penn Ghost Project.” RACHEL WISNIEWSKI / Staff Photographer
Students Elizabeth Gonzalez (left) and Khadija Tarver are also involved. Expansion toward the entire city is seen.

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